Adsorptive Dentures: A Detailed Analysis Of Their Mechanism, Stability, And Ideal Patients

An adsorptive denture is a type of prosthetic device that achieves fixation through the adhesion force between the denture base and the oral mucosa, as well as atmospheric pressure. It is particularly suitable for patients with complete or partial tooth loss. Below is a detailed analysis of its related aspects:

I. Working Principle and Characteristics

1. Negative Pressure Adhesion Principle:
Adsorptive dentures rely on the tight fit between the denture base and the oral mucosa, utilizing the adhesion force and atmospheric pressure between them to achieve stable retention. When the patient bites down, air within the oral cavity is expelled, creating a negative pressure that firmly secures the denture in place.

2. Strong Stability:
This design significantly enhances the stability of adsorptive dentures within the oral cavity, making them less prone to tilting, wobbling, or losing stability compared to traditional dentures.

3. Aesthetic Appeal and Comfort:
Adsorptive dentures feature natural-looking teeth that closely resemble real teeth. Additionally, since they do not rely on metal clasps or adhesives, they offer a higher level of comfort, reducing the feeling of foreign bodies in the mouth.

II. Suitable Candidates

1. Patients with Severe Alveolar Ridge Resorption:
Due to the different attachment mechanism of adsorptive dentures compared to traditional ones, which rely on the adhesion force between the mucosa and the denture for stability, they are particularly effective for patients with severe alveolar ridge resorption, where traditional dentures often struggle to achieve sufficient retention and stability.

2. Patients with Highly Sensitive Mucosa:
For patients with highly sensitive oral mucosa, traditional denture bases can easily irritate the mucosa, causing pain. Adsorptive dentures, with their smaller contact area with the mucosa, exert less stimulation, thereby effectively alleviating pain.

3. Patients with Poor Retention of Traditional Dentures:
For patients who experience poor retention with traditional dentures, adsorptive dentures can enhance retention by increasing the adhesion force between the denture and the mucosa, thus improving the effectiveness and comfort of denture use.